Menstrual Disorders: Causes & When to See a Doctor | Dr. Afshan Maniyar
A regular menstrual cycle is an important indicator of a woman’s reproductive and overall health. However, many women experience irregular periods at some point in their lives. While occasional irregularities can be normal, persistent menstrual disorders may indicate underlying health conditions that require medical attention.
Dr. Afshan Maniyar, a Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist in Kondhwa, Pune, explains the causes of irregular periods, when to seek medical help, and available treatment options.
What Are Irregular Periods?
A normal menstrual cycle typically lasts between 21 and 35 days, with periods lasting 2 to 7 days. Irregular periods refer to:
Cycles shorter than 21 days or longer than 35 days
Missed periods (amenorrhea)
Heavy or prolonged bleeding (menorrhagia)
Painful periods (dysmenorrhea)
Spotting between cycles
Irregular menstrual cycles can disrupt daily life and may signal underlying health concerns.
Common Causes of Irregular Periods
Several factors can contribute to irregular menstruation, ranging from lifestyle influences to medical conditions.
1. Hormonal Imbalances
Hormones like estrogen and progesterone regulate the menstrual cycle. Any disruption in their balance can lead to irregular periods. Common causes include:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) – A hormonal disorder that causes irregular ovulation, leading to missed or infrequent periods.
Thyroid Disorders – An overactive (hyperthyroidism) or underactive (hypothyroidism) thyroid gland can affect menstrual regularity.
Perimenopause – The transition to menopause (usually after 40) can lead to unpredictable cycles.
Hyperprolactinemia – Elevated levels of prolactin (a hormone responsible for milk production) can interfere with menstrual cycles.
2. Stress and Lifestyle Factors
High stress levels can affect the hypothalamus, the part of the brain responsible for hormone regulation, leading to delayed or missed periods.
Excessive exercise can lower body fat and disrupt hormone production, particularly in athletes.
Sudden weight loss or gain can disturb the body's hormonal balance, affecting menstruation.
3. Reproductive Health Conditions
Endometriosis – A condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, causing painful and irregular periods.
Uterine Fibroids – Non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause heavy and prolonged bleeding.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) – Infections in the reproductive organs can cause irregular cycles and pelvic pain.
4. Birth Control and Medications
Oral contraceptives and hormonal IUDs can initially cause irregular spotting or changes in cycle length.
Certain medications, such as those for epilepsy, antidepressants, and chemotherapy, can impact menstrual regularity.
5. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Pregnancy is a common reason for missed periods. If your cycle is irregular and you suspect pregnancy, a test is recommended.
Breastfeeding can suppress ovulation and delay the return of normal menstruation.
When Should You See a Doctor?
While occasional irregularities are not always a cause for concern, consulting a gynecologist is essential if you experience:
Periods that are consistently too short (less than 21 days) or too long (more than 35 days)
Missed periods for more than three months without pregnancy
Extremely heavy bleeding requiring frequent pad changes
Severe menstrual cramps interfering with daily activities
Unexplained weight gain, acne, or excessive hair growth (potential signs of PCOS)
Bleeding between periods or post-menopausal bleeding
If you have any of these symptoms, Dr. Afshan Maniyar can help diagnose and manage the condition effectively.
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
A gynecologist may recommend tests such as blood work (to check hormone levels), ultrasound (to examine the reproductive organs), or endometrial biopsy (if needed).
Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include:
Lifestyle Changes – Managing stress, maintaining a healthy weight, and regular exercise can help regulate periods.
Hormonal Therapy – Birth control pills, progesterone therapy, or hormone-regulating medications for conditions like PCOS or thyroid disorders.
Medications for Underlying Conditions – Such as thyroid hormone therapy or insulin-sensitizing drugs for PCOS.
Surgical Options – In cases of fibroids or endometriosis, minimally invasive surgeries may be needed.
Irregular periods can be frustrating, but they often indicate an underlying issue that can be managed with the right medical care. If you're experiencing persistent menstrual irregularities, seeking expert advice from Dr. Afshan Maniyar in Kondhwa, Pune, can help diagnose the cause and guide you toward effective treatment options.
Disclaimer: The information provided here should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. The information is provided solely for educational purpose and should not be considered a substitute for medical advice.
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