Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Treatment | Dr. Afshan Maniyar

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders affecting women of reproductive age. It is a complex condition that impacts the ovaries, metabolism, and overall health. PCOS can cause irregular menstrual cycles, weight gain, acne, and fertility issues. However, with early diagnosis and proper management, women with PCOS can lead a healthy life.

Dr. Afshan Maniyar, a Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist in Kondhwa, Pune, explains the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for PCOS.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Treatment | Dr. Afshan Maniyar

What is PCOS?

PCOS is a hormonal disorder where the ovaries produce higher-than-normal amounts of androgens (male hormones), which can disrupt ovulation. As a result, small fluid-filled sacs (cysts) may form in the ovaries, leading to irregular menstrual cycles and other health complications.

Causes of PCOS

The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but several factors contribute to its development:

Hormonal Imbalance: Women with PCOS have increased levels of androgens (male hormones like testosterone), which can interfere with ovulation, leading to irregular periods and excessive hair growth.
Insulin Resistance: Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, meaning their bodies do not use insulin efficiently. This leads to high insulin levels, which can trigger the ovaries to produce more androgens. Insulin resistance also increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes.
Genetics: PCOS often runs in families. If a mother, sister, or aunt has PCOS, the chances of developing the condition increase.
Inflammation: Chronic low-grade inflammation has been linked to PCOS, contributing to insulin resistance and excess androgen production.

Common Symptoms of PCOS

PCOS symptoms can vary from woman to woman, but the most common ones include:

1. Irregular Periods

Infrequent or absent periods due to lack of ovulation.
Heavy bleeding during menstruation.

2. Excess Hair Growth (Hirsutism): Unwanted hair growth on the face, chest, and back due to increased androgen levels.

3. Acne and Oily Skin: Persistent acne, especially on the face, chest, and upper back.

4. Weight Gain and Difficulty Losing Weight: Many women with PCOS struggle with weight gain due to insulin resistance.

5. Thinning Hair or Hair Loss: Hair thinning on the scalp similar to male-pattern baldness.

6. Fertility Issues: PCOS is one of the leading causes of infertility due to irregular ovulation.

7. Dark Skin Patches (Acanthosis Nigricans): Darkened skin, particularly around the neck, underarms, and groin, caused by insulin resistance.

Complications of PCOS

If left untreated, PCOS can lead to serious health problems, including:

Type 2 diabetes
High blood pressure
Heart disease
Endometrial cancer (due to prolonged irregular periods)
Depression and anxiety

Diagnosis of PCOS

Dr. Afshan Maniyar recommends the following steps to diagnose PCOS:

Medical History and Physical Examination – Evaluating menstrual cycle, weight changes, and symptoms like acne or excess hair growth.
Blood Tests – Checking hormone levels, insulin resistance, and cholesterol levels.
Ultrasound Scan – Assessing the ovaries for cysts and measuring endometrial thickness.

Treatment Options for PCOS

Although PCOS cannot be cured, its symptoms can be effectively managed through lifestyle changes, medications, and medical procedures.

1. Lifestyle Modifications

Healthy Diet: A low-carb, high-fiber diet helps control insulin levels. Foods like whole grains, leafy vegetables, and lean proteins are beneficial.
Regular Exercise: Activities like walking, yoga, and strength training improve insulin sensitivity and aid weight loss.
Weight Management: Even a 5-10% weight loss can improve symptoms and regulate periods.

2. Medications

Birth Control Pills: Regulate menstrual cycles, reduce excess androgens, and improve acne.
Metformin: Helps with insulin resistance and lowers blood sugar levels.
Anti-Androgen Medications: Reduce excess hair growth and acne.
Ovulation Induction Medications: For women trying to conceive, Clomiphene or Letrozole can stimulate ovulation.

3. Advanced Treatments for Fertility

For women struggling with infertility, options include:

Ovarian Drilling (Minimally Invasive Surgery) – Helps restore ovulation.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) – Recommended in severe cases where other treatments fail.

4. Natural Remedies & Supplements

Inositol & Vitamin D: Help regulate ovulation and improve insulin resistance.
Spearmint Tea: May reduce excess androgen levels, improving hair growth and acne.

When to See a Gynecologist?

Women experiencing irregular periods, excessive hair growth, acne, or fertility issues should seek medical advice. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent long-term complications and improve overall well-being.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common but manageable condition. With lifestyle changes, proper medical care, and guidance from an expert like Dr. Afshan Maniyar, a leading Consultant Obstetrician & Gynecologist in Kondhwa, Pune, women can take control of their health and lead a balanced life. If you suspect you have PCOS, consult a specialist for a personalized treatment plan.

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