Uterine Fibroids: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment | Dr. Afshan Maniyar

Uterine fibroids, also known as myomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. These fibroids can vary in size and may cause symptoms that affect a woman’s overall health, especially during menstruation or pregnancy. Uterine fibroids are incredibly common, and many women may have them without even knowing it. However, when symptoms do appear, they can significantly impact daily life.

As a Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist in Kondhwa, Pune, Dr. Afshan Maniyar helps women understand uterine fibroids, providing expert advice on managing them and offering personalized treatment options. In this blog, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options available for uterine fibroids.

Uterine Fibroids: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment | Dr. Afshan Maniyar

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that form in the muscular walls of the uterus. They can vary in size from tiny seedlings to large masses that can distort the shape of the uterus. While fibroids are common in women of reproductive age, the exact cause remains unknown. However, several factors are believed to contribute to their development, including hormones and genetic predisposition.

Causes

The exact cause of uterine fibroids is not fully understood, but several factors can increase the likelihood of developing them. These include:

Hormonal Imbalances: Fibroids are sensitive to hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, which promote their growth. This is why fibroids are most common during a woman’s reproductive years and tend to shrink after menopause when hormone levels decline.
Genetics: Women with a family history of fibroids are more likely to develop them themselves. Certain genetic mutations may also increase the risk of fibroid formation.
Age: Fibroids are most common in women between the ages of 30 and 40, and the risk increases with age until menopause. After menopause, fibroids often shrink as hormone levels decrease.
Ethnicity: Studies show that African American women are more likely to develop fibroids and may experience more severe symptoms compared to women of other ethnicities.
Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the likelihood of developing fibroids, as excess fat tissue can increase the body’s production of estrogen.

Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Many women with uterine fibroids experience no symptoms at all, and the fibroids are discovered incidentally during a routine pelvic exam or ultrasound. However, when symptoms do occur, they can be uncomfortable and disruptive. Some of the most common symptoms include:

Heavy or Prolonged Menstrual Bleeding: One of the most common symptoms of fibroids is heavy menstrual bleeding, which may last longer than usual and may lead to anemia (low iron levels).
Pelvic Pain or Pressure: Fibroids can cause pelvic discomfort, pressure, or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen. In some cases, fibroids can press on nearby organs, causing bladder or bowel issues.
Frequent Urination: Large fibroids can put pressure on the bladder, causing frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder completely.
Pain During Intercourse: Fibroids can sometimes make sexual activity painful, especially if they are located near the cervix or in certain parts of the uterus.
Lower Back Pain or Leg Pain: In some cases, fibroids can press on nerves, causing lower back pain or pain radiating down the legs.
Infertility: While not all women with fibroids experience fertility problems, certain types or locations of fibroids (e.g., submucosal fibroids) can interfere with conception or implantation, leading to difficulties in getting pregnant.

Diagnosis of Uterine Fibroids

To diagnose uterine fibroids, Dr. Afshan Maniyar will typically perform a thorough medical history review, pelvic examination, and may recommend imaging tests such as:

Pelvic Ultrasound: A pelvic ultrasound is commonly used to detect the size, number, and location of fibroids. It is a non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images of the uterus.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): An MRI may be recommended for further evaluation, especially if surgery is being considered. It provides detailed images of the uterus and surrounding areas.
Hysteroscopy: In this procedure, a thin, lighted tube is inserted through the cervix into the uterus to examine the fibroids directly. It is usually done if surgery is required.
Sonohysterography: This procedure involves injecting a sterile fluid into the uterus during an ultrasound to get a clearer image of the uterine lining and any fibroids that may be present.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

The treatment for uterine fibroids depends on their size, location, and severity of symptoms. For some women, no treatment is necessary, especially if the fibroids are small and asymptomatic. However, if treatment is required, options include:

1. Medications

Hormonal Therapy: Birth control pills or hormone therapy can help regulate menstruation, reduce heavy bleeding, and shrink fibroids.
GnRH Agonists: These drugs temporarily shrink fibroids by suppressing estrogen production, but they are typically used for short periods due to potential side effects.
Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, can help manage pain and reduce inflammation associated with fibroids.

2. Minimally Invasive Procedures

Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE): This procedure involves blocking the blood vessels that supply the fibroids, causing them to shrink over time.
MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound (FUS): This non-invasive treatment uses high-frequency sound waves to target and destroy fibroid tissue.

3. Surgical Options

Myomectomy: This surgery involves removing the fibroids while preserving the uterus. It is typically recommended for women who wish to retain their fertility.
Hysterectomy: In cases where fibroids are large or cause significant symptoms, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be considered, especially in women who do not wish to have children in the future.

When to Seek Help

If you are experiencing symptoms such as heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, or difficulty conceiving, it is essential to consult Dr. Afshan Maniyar, a trusted Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist in Kondhwa, Pune. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the symptoms of uterine fibroids and improve overall health and quality of life.

Uterine fibroids are common, but they don’t have to interfere with a woman’s health or quality of life. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most women can manage their fibroids effectively and lead healthy, fulfilling lives. Whether you are dealing with mild symptoms or more severe cases, Dr. Afshan Maniyar is committed to providing personalized care and helping you explore the best treatment options.

If you suspect you may have uterine fibroids or are experiencing related symptoms, contact Dr. Afshan Maniyar today to schedule a consultation and discuss your treatment options.

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